In It to Win It ? Self-Esteem and Income-Earning among Couples
Investigates whether the relative self-esteem of spouses can lead to within-household competition for inputs and affect economic gender inequality in the home.
Abstract
This paper investigates whether the relative self-esteem level of spouses can lead to within- household competition for inputs and affect economic gender inequality in the home. Using data on smallholder farmer couples in Cote d바카라 사이트™Ivoire, the paper examines the relationship between spouses바카라 사이트™ self-esteem and income-earning in agriculture. Although the link between own self-esteem and crop income earning is positive, there is a 바카라 사이트śbattle of the sexes바카라 사이트ť in which one spouse바카라 사이트™s self-esteem is negatively related to the other바카라 사이트™s income earning, particularly income earning in higher-value, export-oriented agriculture. Women바카라 사이트™s outcomes are more sensitive to their own self-esteem (positively) and to their partners바카라 사이트™ (negatively) than men바카라 사이트™s. This negative relationship is driven by individuals during middle age, when self-esteem is considered most stable. A key channel through which self-esteem appears to matter is by increasing control over household land, which is a scarce but crucial input to agricultural production. In addition to confirming the importance of noncognitive skills for poverty reduction in rural settings, the findings highlight the importance of their impact on intra- and inter-household inequality, especially in the presence of interlocking market failures constraining the supply of inputs to production.
This work is part of the Closing the Gender Gap in Africa: evaluating new policies and programmes for women바카라 사이트™s economic empowerment programme
Citation
Botea, Ioana Alexandra; Donald, Aletheia Amalia; Rouanet, Lea Marie.2020. In It to Win It ? Self-Esteem and Income-Earning among Couples (English). Policy Research working paper;no. WPS 9431 Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group