Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 4 (week ending 26 January 2025)
Updated 24 April 2025
© Crown copyright 2025
This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open 바카라 사이트 Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk.
Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.
This publication is available at /government/publications/notifiable-diseases-causative-agents-reports-for-2025/noids-causative-agents-week-4-week-ending-26-january-2025
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia spp
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- hepatitis A
- hepatitis B
- hepatitis C
- hepatitis D
- hepatitis E
- influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- measles virus
- mpox virus
- mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory Notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2024/51 | 2024/52 | 2025/01 | 2025/02 | 2025/03 | 2025/04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile Virus | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 16 | 14 | 19 | 19 | 12 | 13 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 25 | 13 | 7 | 20 | 20 | 11 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 21 | 5 | 7 | 19 | 25 | 21 |
| Borrelia sp | 6 | - | 3 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella sp | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 30 | 25 | 21 | 30 | 30 | 24 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 221 | 201 | 201 | 274 | 318 | 210 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Campylobacter sp | 923 | 639 | 650 | 829 | 918 | 988 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 1 | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 41 | 23 | 35 | 39 | 42 | 25 |
| Clostridium tetani | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 118 | 136 | 183 | 197 | 200 | 213 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | - | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| Human coronavirus nl63 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Human coronavirus oc43 | - | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | - | 8 | 26 | 30 | 24 | 40 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 1,222 | 915 | 1468 | 929 | 837 | 775 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 88 | 49 | 77 | 67 | 42 | 65 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 29 | 3 | 22 | 26 | 20 | 9 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 98 | 22 | 77 | 93 | 77 | 38 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 9 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 7 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 27 | 12 | 22 | 25 | 33 | 38 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 3 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | - |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 18 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 47 | 15 | 23 | 23 | 16 | 14 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 27 | 12 | 7 | 18 | 25 | 37 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 12 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 6 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 5 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia sp | 122 | 61 | 74 | 109 | 112 | 95 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 84 | 59 | 55 | 88 | 72 | 92 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 26 | 15 | 17 | 21 | 28 | 15 |
| Hepatitis B | 289 | 183 | 187 | 276 | 272 | 275 |
| Hepatitis C | 230 | 197 | 215 | 235 | 238 | 241 |
| Hepatitis D | 9 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 11 |
| Hepatitis E | 32 | 28 | 40 | 36 | 28 | 38 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 12,217 | 12,786 | 12,491 | 9,791 | 6,665 | 5,152 |
| Influenza B | 568 | 654 | 871 | 1,070 | 1,129 | 1,586 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 5 | 15 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 2 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 263 | 283 | 297 | 218 | 179 | 145 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella pneumophila | 3 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Legionella sp | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Leptospira | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leptospira interrogans | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 111 | 67 | 71 | 99 | 66 | 81 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 43 | 26 | 42 | 42 | 33 | 34 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mpox virus positive | 7 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 4 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | 27 | 23 | 12 | 17 | 26 | 20 |
| Mumps virus | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 20 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Plasmodium malariae | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | 3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 41 | 27 | 40 | 56 | 80 | 60 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 10 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 16 | 7 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 13 | 10 | 7 | 19 | 25 | 14 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | - |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 54 | 53 | 38 | 50 | 38 | 14 |
| Salmonella agona | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 36 | 15 | 18 | 26 | 18 | 7 |
| Salmonella java | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 9 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 17 | 9 | 12 | 28 | 75 | 109 |
| Salmonella stanley | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 7 | 16 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 15 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 20 | 16 | 17 | 23 | 15 | 6 |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 20 | 9 | 12 | 25 | 13 | 13 |
| Shigella sonnei | 14 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 25 | 26 |
| Shigella sp | 61 | 35 | 33 | 68 | 77 | 73 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 58 | 59 | 46 | 61 | 75 | 64 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 196 | 220 | 277 | 239 | 146 | 160 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | 5 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/51 | 2024/52 | 2025/01 | 2025/02 | 2025/03 | 2025/04 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 7 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 5 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 9 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 2 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 6 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 3 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Ìý | NDM | 16 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 10 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 26 | 11 | 14 | 25 | 23 | 2 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | - |
| Escherichia hermannii | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Escherichia vulneris | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | IMP | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | KPC | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 10 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 2 |
| Ìý | NDM | 9 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 11 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 14 | 7 | 12 | 17 | 10 | 4 |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella serogenes | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Kluyvera | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Kluyvera spp | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus hauseri | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Other proteus spp | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Raoultella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Raoultella spp | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to theÌýAMRHAIÌýReference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/51 | 2024/52 | 2025/01 | 2025/02 | 2025/03 | 2025/04 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Acinetobacter variabilis | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | NDM | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Pseudomonas alcaligenes | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |