Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 5 (week ending 5 February 2023)
Updated 2 January 2024
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/52 | 2023/01 | 2023/02 | 2023/03 | 2023/04 | 2023/05 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile virus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 10 | 15 | 22 | 16 | 14 | 14 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 8 | 10 | 13 | 17 | 10 | 17 |
| Borrelia sp | 2 | - | - | 7 | 1 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 13 | 21 | 17 | 24 | 12 | 10 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 130 | 177 | 212 | 177 | 231 | 167 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter other named | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 361 | 446 | 628 | 730 | 674 | 745 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | 2 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 33 | 34 | 20 | 32 | 37 | 40 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 206 | 197 | 197 | 123 | 141 | 169 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 195 | 206 | 170 | 331 | 284 | 165 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 6 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 37,403 | 29,467 | 16,706 | 13,360 | 14,133 | 20,968 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 374 | 433 | 407 | 289 | 281 | 224 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody positive | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 110 | 165 | 194 | 276 | 364 | 226 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 453 | 689 | 1,148 | 2,078 | 1,407 | 955 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | - | - | - | - | 6 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 83 | 158 | 237 | 356 | 184 | 193 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 292 | 722 | 1,024 | 1,317 | 760 | 691 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 7 | 11 | 16 | 18 | 8 | 2 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 14 | 10 | 23 | 33 | 25 | 15 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 8 | 7 | 17 | 26 | 19 | 43 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 4 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | - | 1 | 11 | 3 | - | 3 |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia lamblia | 2 | - | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 62 | 91 | 89 | 82 | 56 | 60 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 2 | 6 | 4 | 18 | 14 | 15 |
| Hepatitis B | 143 | 203 | 247 | 273 | 246 | 191 |
| Hepatitis C | 216 | 221 | 316 | 306 | 318 | 246 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 1 |
| Hepatitis E | 26 | 24 | 37 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 14,717 | 7,662 | 2,614 | 989 | 658 | 484 |
| Influenza B | 852 | 754 | 546 | 442 | 466 | 532 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 50 | 22 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 15 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 539 | 243 | 82 | 31 | 21 | 21 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella longbeachae | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 3 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| Legionella sp | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | - | - |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 40 | 41 | 62 | 93 | 68 | 56 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 26 | 42 | 36 | 18 | 13 | 14 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mpox virus | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 8 |
| Mumps virus | 3 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | 1 | 3 | 18 | 4 | 28 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | 4 | - | 3 |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 28 | 28 | 74 | 35 | 47 | 44 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 5 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 8 | 8 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | - | - | - | 3 | - | - |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia prowazekii | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia sp | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 41 | 34 | 52 | 38 | 34 | 18 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 12 | 20 | 24 | 19 | 10 | 5 |
| Salmonella infantis | 6 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | - | 11 | 18 | 43 | 66 | 80 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 6 | - | 8 | 16 | 9 | 11 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 15 | 12 | 21 | 14 | 10 | 5 |
| Salmonella virchow | 7 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella weltevreden | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 9 | 14 | 20 | 12 | 10 | 6 |
| Shigella sonnei | 16 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 9 |
| Shigella sp | 12 | 30 | 24 | 77 | 41 | 51 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 197 | 193 | 191 | 111 | 84 | 91 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 303 | 237 | 143 | 106 | 90 | 111 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/52 | 2023/01 | 2023/02 | 2023/03 | 2023/04 | 2023/05 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | 3 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 2 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 3 | 4 | 4 | - | 5 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 7 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 6 | 2 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 6 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Escherichia hermannii | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other escherichia spp | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | 3 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 3 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 6 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 1 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | OXA48 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 6 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | - |
| Klebsiella serogenes | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Leclercia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Morganella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Morganella morganii | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus mirabilis | OXA48 | - | 2 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other proteus spp | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/52 | 2023/01 | 2023/02 | 2023/03 | 2023/04 | 2023/05 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.