Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 13 (week ending 2 April 2023)
Updated 2 January 2024
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2023/08 | 2023/09 | 2023/10 | 2023/11 | 2023/12 | 2023/13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 11 | 19 | 19 | 16 | 14 | 17 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 13 | 6 | 11 | 15 | 11 | 5 |
| Borrelia sp | 10 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 11 | 18 | 12 | 20 | 8 | 15 |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 191 | 244 | 183 | 200 | 219 | 181 |
| Campylobacter other named | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 725 | 676 | 621 | 606 | 628 | 714 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | 2 | - | - | 2 | 3 | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 35 | 33 | 36 | 31 | 27 | 38 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 163 | 112 | 106 | 90 | 99 | 63 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 175 | 138 | 163 | 189 | 123 | 125 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 5 | - | 8 | 6 | 16 | 4 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 24,324 | 25,111 | 27,699 | 30,300 | 27,294 | 22,266 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 341 | 374 | 345 | 362 | 334 | 406 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 212 | 95 | 223 | 191 | 117 | 99 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 819 | 398 | 918 | 754 | 465 | 427 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 216 | 148 | 116 | 129 | 111 | 114 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 572 | 522 | 474 | 539 | 522 | 425 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 10 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 15 | 19 | 23 | 12 | 19 | 7 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 13 | 20 | 16 | 23 | 24 | 48 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 1 | - | - | 2 | 3 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 4 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 4 | - | - | 5 | 5 | - |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 85 | 70 | 73 | 83 | 77 | 55 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 14 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 12 |
| Hepatitis B | 342 | 276 | 251 | 263 | 266 | 250 |
| Hepatitis C | 371 | 362 | 303 | 301 | 283 | 269 |
| Hepatitis D | 9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
| Hepatitis E | 33 | 22 | 21 | 27 | 21 | 27 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 1,212 | 163 | 149 | 145 | 101 | 84 |
| Influenza B | 616 | 530 | 551 | 664 | 598 | 463 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 14 | 11 | 19 | 11 | 24 | 11 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 6 | - | 6 | 4 | 13 | 6 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella other named | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 4 | 1 | 1 | - | 6 | 5 |
| Legionella sp | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 1 | 4 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 123 | 86 | 95 | 79 | 61 | 64 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 15 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 15 | 23 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mpox virus | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| Mumps virus | 1 | 5 | 16 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 8 | 1 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 8 |
| Plasmodium malariae | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | 1 | - | 2 | 2 | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 47 | 43 | 52 | 40 | 44 | 47 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 7 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 11 | 11 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia prowazekii | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rickettsia sp | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 5 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 58 | 51 | 48 | 33 | 13 | 13 |
| Salmonella chester | - | - | 8 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 16 | 23 | 18 | 8 | 7 | - |
| Salmonella infantis | - | - | 8 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 15 | 96 | 16 | 52 | 82 | 101 |
| Salmonella stanley | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 12 | 15 | 16 | 21 | 15 | 9 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 15 | 16 | 34 | 15 | 8 | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | - | 2 |
| Shigella flexneri | 27 | 24 | 24 | 15 | 13 | 7 |
| Shigella sonnei | 20 | 12 | 16 | 4 | 17 | 15 |
| Shigella sp | 61 | 130 | 51 | 49 | 63 | 67 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 109 | 122 | 143 | 126 | 117 | 117 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 138 | 111 | 161 | 128 | 120 | 139 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/08 | 2023/09 | 2023/10 | 2023/11 | 2023/12 | 2023/13 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 5 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 3 |
| Ìý | NDM | 12 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 4 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 12 | 14 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 3 |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 15 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Ìý | NDM | 5 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pluralibacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pluralibacter spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Serratia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/08 | 2023/09 | 2023/10 | 2023/11 | 2023/12 | 2023/13 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Acinetobacter variabilis | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.