Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 11 (week ending 19 March 2023)
Updated 2 January 2024
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2023/06 | 2023/07 | 2023/08 | 2023/09 | 2023/10 | 2023/11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 20 | 34 | 11 | 19 | 19 | 16 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 14 | 20 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 15 |
| Borrelia sp | 2 | - | 10 | 4 | 7 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 20 | 14 | 11 | 17 | 12 | 14 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter gracilis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 237 | 181 | 188 | 240 | 177 | 165 |
| Campylobacter lari | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 644 | 589 | 720 | 675 | 615 | 610 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 33 | 31 | 35 | 33 | 36 | 30 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 194 | 105 | 163 | 112 | 106 | 88 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 90 | 221 | 175 | 138 | 163 | 189 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 10 | 14 | 5 | - | 8 | 6 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 21,594 | 26,644 | 24,312 | 25,019 | 27,696 | 30,273 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 419 | 327 | 341 | 374 | 345 | 362 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 168 | 124 | 211 | 95 | 222 | 191 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 1,122 | 976 | 819 | 398 | 915 | 754 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 278 | 316 | 216 | 148 | 116 | 129 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 868 | 856 | 572 | 522 | 474 | 539 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 11 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium novel genotype | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 7 | 17 | 15 | 19 | 16 | 2 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 20 | 12 | 13 | 19 | 20 | 37 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 2 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | - | - | 4 | - | - | 5 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 81 | 71 | 85 | 70 | 73 | 81 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 8 | 16 | 12 | 17 | 8 | 8 |
| Hepatitis B | 343 | 214 | 332 | 262 | 237 | 233 |
| Hepatitis C | 318 | 290 | 368 | 355 | 292 | 271 |
| Hepatitis D | 10 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Hepatitis E | 19 | 27 | 33 | 21 | 18 | 27 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 345 | 258 | 1,212 | 163 | 149 | 139 |
| Influenza B | 569 | 639 | 616 | 528 | 551 | 652 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 12 | 28 | 14 | 11 | 19 | 11 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 16 | 13 | 6 | - | 6 | 4 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Legionella sp | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 79 | 84 | 122 | 81 | 84 | 68 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 15 | 10 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 8 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mpox virus | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Mumps virus | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 16 | 4 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 3 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 11 | 6 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | 2 |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 42 | 40 | 47 | 43 | 52 | 40 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 9 | 1 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 5 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia sp | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 46 | 44 | 58 | 46 | 39 | 18 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 29 | 20 | 17 | 21 | 11 | - |
| Salmonella infantis | 7 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 8 | 16 | 15 | 100 | 69 | 84 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 9 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 17 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 14 | 10 | 16 | 15 | 22 | 8 |
| Salmonella virchow | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 17 | 12 | 28 | 24 | 18 | 10 |
| Shigella sonnei | 20 | 16 | 20 | 12 | 16 | 4 |
| Shigella sp | 34 | 43 | 61 | 130 | 59 | 56 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 117 | 125 | 107 | 113 | 145 | 123 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 140 | 137 | 132 | 107 | 154 | 125 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/06 | 2023/07 | 2023/08 | 2023/09 | 2023/10 | 2023/11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Ìý | NDM | 6 | 5 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 2 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 6 | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 4 | 6 | 13 | 4 | 4 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 4 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 6 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella variicola | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Leclercia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Pluralibacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pluralibacter spp | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Serratia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/06 | 2023/07 | 2023/08 | 2023/09 | 2023/10 | 2023/11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | - |
| Acinetobacter variabilis | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | 3 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Other pseudomonas spp | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.