Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 4 (week ending 30 January 2022)

Updated 16 January 2023

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NOIDs weekly report

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2021/51 2021/52 2022/01 2022/02 2022/03 2022/04
Arboviruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
West Nile virus - - - - - 1
Bacillus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Bacillus cereus 13 15 14 19 17 14
Bordetella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Bordetella pertussis 1 2 1 - 1 2
Borrelia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Borrelia burgdorferi 17 3 10 10 11 14
Borrelia sp - - - 3 - 1
Borrelia tillae 3 - 1 - - -
Brucella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Brucella melitensis - 1 - - - 1
Campylobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Campylobacter coli 22 14 16 19 14 15
Campylobacter curvus 1 - - - 1 -
Campylobacter fetus - - 1 - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 226 124 144 248 208 217
Campylobacter sp 685 447 561 608 638 693
Campylobacter upsaliensis 2 - - - 1 1
Chikungunya virus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Chikungunya virus 1 - - - - -
Clostridium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Clostridium perfringens 21 27 31 23 22 20
Coronavirus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Coronavirus 120 66 68 30 24 30
Human coronavirus 229e 1 - - - - -
SARS coronavirus - - 1 2 1 5
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 145 123 196 167 185 117
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 84 82 327 2,578 84 95
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 768,608 1,088,148 1,092,726 693,268 645,495 601,187
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 5,481 6,622 9,794 6,523 4,447 3,734
SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody negative - - - - - 1
SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody positive - - 1 - - -
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 2,085 1,519 2,253 2,112 1,721 1,558
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 4,270 3,300 4,909 5,076 4,823 3,808
SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative 1 1 13 1 2 2
SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive - 1 2 - 1 -
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 3,707 2,462 6,174 22,216 3,196 2,407
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 6,185 5,118 8,672 20,523 6,870 6,382
Corynebacterium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Corynebacterium diphtheriae - 1 - - 1 1
Coxiella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Coxiella burnetii - - - - - 1
Cryptosporidium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Cryptosporidium hominis 2 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 7 11 23 25 11 4
Cryptosporidium sp 28 6 18 20 31 43
Entamoeba Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Entamoeba histolytica - - 5 - - -
Escherichia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Escherichia coli O 157 2 5 8 6 1 6
Flaviviruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Dengue virus 2 1 - - 1 2
Haemophilus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Haemophilus influenzae 44 41 29 42 28 36
Hepatitis viruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Hepatitis A 10 2 8 9 7 9
Hepatitis B 166 101 106 139 131 137
Hepatitis C 387 195 191 397 389 329
Hepatitis D - 2 2 2 1 1
Hepatitis E 28 13 15 25 19 15
Influenza virus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Influenza A 198 169 150 73 77 68
Influenza B 31 18 28 38 29 31
Influenza indeterminate 4 - - - - -
Influenza ungrouped 6 2 1 - - 1
Legionella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Legionella other named - 1 - - - -
Legionella pneumophila 5 - 3 5 2 5
Legionella sp 3 2 2 1 - 1
Listeria Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Listeria monocytogenes 3 4 1 2 1 1
Mycobacterium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 57 43 51 49 39 35
Neisseria Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Neisseria meningitidis 12 9 5 14 7 8
Paramyxoviruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Mumps virus 1 2 2 2 1 1
Plasmodium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Plasmodium falciparum 2 - 8 1 2 -
Polyomavirus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Polyomavirus BK 36 20 14 37 31 27
Polyomavirus JC 3 1 - 3 1 3
Rubella virus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Rubella virus 2 1 2 3 1 3
Salmonella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Other salmonellas 46 43 39 37 17 24
Salmonella enteritidis 16 5 15 13 16 6
Salmonella infantis 8 - - 6 - -
Salmonella saint-paul 5 - - - - -
Salmonella sp 6 - 12 47 54 63
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 6 - - 7 6 6
Salmonella typhimurium 20 12 18 21 20 14
Shigella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Shigella boydii - - - 1 - -
Shigella dysenteriae - - - - 2 -
Shigella flexneri 9 6 8 5 10 9
Shigella sonnei 12 8 4 5 7 6
Shigella sp 8 17 10 16 24 29
Streptococcus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Streptococcus group A 32 19 12 28 26 22
Streptococcus pneumoniae 110 126 79 65 62 71

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)[footnote 1]

Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2021/51 2021/52 2022/01 2022/02 2022/03 2022/05
Citrobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Citrobacter spp Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
KPC 1 1 - 1 - -
NDM - 2 - - - -
OXA48 1 2 - - 3 1
VIM - - - - 1 -
Enterobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Enterobacter cloacae complex Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
IMP - - 1 - - -
KPC 4 1 1 - 2 -
NDM 1 - 1 2 1 1
OXA48 2 - 1 - - 2
Other - 1 - - - -
Escherichia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Escherichia coli Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
KPC 1 4 2 1 2 -
NDM 1 4 1 2 1 -
OXA48 5 - 1 2 1 2
Klebsiella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Klebsiella oxytoca Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
KPC 1 1 1 1 1 -
OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
IMP - - - 1 - -
KPC - 1 5 3 1 -
NDM 3 6 5 1 4 1
OXA48 4 6 3 3 4 1
VIM 1 - - - - -
Other - 4 3 - 1 -
Raoultella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Raoultella ornithinolytica Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
OXA48 - 1 - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms[footnote 1]

Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2021/51 2021/52 2022/01 2022/02 2022/03 2022/04
Pseudomonas Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
IMP - 2 - - - -
VIM - 1 - 1 - -
Other 2 1 1 3 2 -

  1. For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.Ìý↩Ìý↩2

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