Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 20 (week ending 22 May 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur
- Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile Virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
| Week notification received | 2022/15 | 2022/16 | 2022/17 | 2022/18 | 2022/19 | 2022/20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 18 | 28 | 15 | 28 | 16 | 14 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | - | - |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 12 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 12 | 10 |
| Borrelia sp | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 42 | 12 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 23 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 202 | 195 | 301 | 198 | 259 | 276 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter other named | 2 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 777 | 547 | 823 | 638 | 872 | 1182 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 31 | 28 | 25 | 41 | 35 | 25 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 90 | 60 | 56 | 49 | 66 | 50 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 144 | 87 | 173 | 75 | 98 | 114 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 44 | 35 | 17 | 70 | 72 | 36 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) | 162,212 | 109,885 | 70,575 | 61,614 | 52,619 | 42,736 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) indeterminate | 1,634 | 1,240 | 1,212 | 1,040 | 850 | 912 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 1,084 | 851 | 809 | 750 | 566 | 658 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 2,989 | 2,726 | 2,496 | 2,084 | 2,073 | 1,908 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 14 | 24 | 13 | 8 | 30 | 13 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 11 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 1,275 | 1,039 | 1,051 | 710 | 1,189 | 681 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 3,601 | 3,537 | 3,511 | 2,193 | 2,680 | 2,089 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | - | 3 | - | 4 | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 26 | 34 | 85 | 50 | 36 | 19 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 28 | 30 | 34 | 27 | 20 | 54 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 9 | 7 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | - |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia lamblia | - | - | - | - | 2 | 1 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 42 | 31 | 70 | 40 | 33 | 46 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 16 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 15 | 12 |
| Hepatitis B | 218 | 177 | 175 | 201 | 231 | 159 |
| Hepatitis C | 352 | 375 | 268 | 312 | 295 | 344 |
| Hepatitis D | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 |
| Hepatitis E | 33 | 21 | 19 | 29 | 28 | 33 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 1,126 | 761 | 643 | 554 | 519 | 379 |
| Influenza B | 44 | 13 | 32 | 16 | 28 | 25 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | 6 | - | - | 1 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 46 | 18 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 12 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 3 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| Legionella sp | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 3 | 1 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 65 | 63 | 66 | 56 | 56 | 56 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 12 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 19 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Mumps virus | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | 2 | 4 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 37 | 24 | 34 | 23 | 36 | 38 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 9 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 2 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia sp | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 6 | 4 | 7 | 1 | - | 4 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 38 | 47 | 49 | 50 | 25 | 16 |
| Salmonella diarizonae | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 21 | 17 | 41 | 23 | 15 | 8 |
| Salmonella infantis | 5 | 5 | 8 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 7 | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella oranienburg | - | - | 6 | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 16 | 13 | 23 | 25 | 60 | 139 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 21 | 10 | 17 | 19 | 8 | 18 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 32 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 15 | 21 |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 5 | - | 1 | - | 4 | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 14 | 13 | 21 | 13 | 11 | 13 |
| Shigella sonnei | 12 | 12 | 24 | 13 | 19 | 18 |
| Shigella sp | 37 | 22 | 56 | 38 | 38 | 55 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 47 | 45 | 76 | 52 | 58 | 50 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 119 | 111 | 96 | 95 | 80 | 60 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | 3 | 1 | - | 2 | - | 2 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/15 | 2022/16 | 2022/17 | 2022/18 | 2022/19 | 2022/20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 3 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | KPC | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Leclercia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/15 | 2022/16 | 2022/17 | 2022/18 | 2022/19 | 2022/20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | 2 | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.