Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 19 (week ending 15 May 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile Virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/14 | 2022/15 | 2022/16 | 2022/17 | 2022/18 | 2022/19 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 17 | 16 | 22 | 14 | 22 | 13 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | - | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | - |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 21 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 12 |
| Borrelia sp | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 24 | 42 | 12 | 19 | 17 | 17 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 224 | 201 | 195 | 297 | 191 | 210 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter other named | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 565 | 768 | 543 | 817 | 617 | 883 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 27 | 27 | 26 | 19 | 37 | 27 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 66 | 90 | 60 | 56 | 49 | 66 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | 3 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 159 | 144 | 87 | 173 | 75 | 98 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 545 | 44 | 35 | 17 | 70 | 72 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) | 231,200 | 162,201 | 109,882 | 70,568 | 61,610 | 52,649 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) indeterminate | 1,653 | 1,634 | 1,240 | 1,212 | 1,040 | 849 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 1,026 | 1,084 | 851 | 809 | 750 | 566 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 2,924 | 2,989 | 2,726 | 2,496 | 2,084 | 2,071 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 25 | 14 | 24 | 13 | 8 | 30 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 12 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 7,048 | 1,275 | 1,039 | 1,051 | 710 | 1,185 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 7,303 | 3,601 | 3,537 | 3,511 | 2,193 | 2,680 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | - | - | 3 | - | 3 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 24 | 26 | 34 | 79 | 44 | 19 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 19 | 28 | 30 | 40 | 32 | 36 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 7 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia lamblia | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 29 | 29 | 25 | 63 | 33 | 25 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 8 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 13 |
| Hepatitis B | 160 | 214 | 174 | 170 | 192 | 214 |
| Hepatitis C | 320 | 351 | 376 | 266 | 292 | 285 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| Hepatitis E | 18 | 33 | 21 | 19 | 29 | 28 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 932 | 1,122 | 758 | 632 | 544 | 503 |
| Influenza B | 45 | 44 | 13 | 32 | 16 | 28 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 13 | 46 | 18 | 12 | 8 | 3 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 3 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 2 |
| Legionella sp | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 3 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | - | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 55 | 64 | 60 | 58 | 52 | 53 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 9 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 5 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Mumps virus | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 | - | 2 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 21 | 37 | 24 | 34 | 23 | 36 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 1 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia sp | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 2 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 1 | - |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 40 | 38 | 43 | 41 | 22 | 12 |
| Salmonella diarizonae | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 29 | 21 | 15 | 31 | 11 | 9 |
| Salmonella infantis | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 5 | 7 | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | - | 15 | 18 | 55 | 80 | 84 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 13 | 21 | 10 | 17 | 19 | 8 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 42 | 32 | 27 | 25 | 18 | 9 |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 2 | 5 | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 13 | 14 | 13 | 19 | 10 | 7 |
| Shigella sonnei | 7 | 11 | 10 | 22 | 12 | 15 |
| Shigella sp | 38 | 38 | 23 | 60 | 44 | 46 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 33 | 42 | 44 | 79 | 52 | 54 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 91 | 109 | 107 | 87 | 92 | 70 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | - | 3 | - | - | 3 | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/14 | 2022/15 | 2022/16 | 2022/17 | 2022/18 | 2022/19 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 4 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | KPC | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Leclercia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Pluralibacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pluralibacter gergoviae | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Serratia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/14 | 2022/15 | 2022/16 | 2022/17 | 2022/18 | 2022/19 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens group | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period