Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 1 (week ending 9 January 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile Virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2021/48 | 2021/49 | 2021/50 | 2021/51 | 2021/52 | 2022/01 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West nile virus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 19 | 17 | 29 | 12 | 15 | 12 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 2 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 26 | 15 | 9 | 17 | 3 | 10 |
| Borrelia sp | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | 2 | - | 3 | - | 1 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 19 | 20 | 22 | 21 | 12 | 12 |
| Campylobacter curvus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 262 | 238 | 217 | 220 | 121 | 111 |
| Campylobacter sp | 762 | 708 | 647 | 679 | 442 | 581 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 23 | 35 | 23 | 19 | 27 | 31 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 122 | 130 | 100 | 119 | 66 | 64 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Mers coronavirus | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 305 | 172 | 256 | 145 | 123 | 195 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 62 | 78 | 91 | 84 | 82 | 327 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 279,257 | 304,607 | 505,919 | 695,523 | 977,958 | 966,864 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 4,323 | 4,452 | 4,481 | 5,447 | 6,596 | 9,726 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) negative | 2 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) void | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 2,505 | 1,965 | 2,356 | 2,082 | 1,519 | 2,252 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 5,030 | 4,285 | 4,784 | 4,267 | 3,299 | 4,906 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 44 | 33 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 3 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 3,442 | 4,047 | 2,911 | 3,697 | 2,454 | 6,149 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 6,526 | 5,967 | 5,819 | 6,176 | 5,084 | 8,648 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 2 | 1 | 3 | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 55 | 26 | 37 | 7 | 6 | 11 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 27 | 21 | 41 | 27 | 12 | 29 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | - | 5 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 45 | 56 | 60 | 43 | 41 | 27 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 9 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 7 |
| Hepatitis B | 186 | 156 | 141 | 157 | 97 | 89 |
| Hepatitis C | 235 | 229 | 425 | 374 | 186 | 171 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 3 | 4 | - | 2 | 2 |
| Hepatitis E | 16 | 25 | 19 | 27 | 13 | 15 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 221 | 258 | 243 | 196 | 166 | 146 |
| Influenza B | 85 | 67 | 78 | 31 | 18 | 25 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 2 | 6 | - | 4 | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 6 | - | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | - | 3 |
| Legionella sp | - | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 67 | 47 | 47 | 49 | 38 | 42 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 10 | 6 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 5 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Mumps virus | 2 | - | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 2 | - | 10 | 2 | - | 8 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 33 | 20 | 30 | 36 | 20 | 14 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia sp | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 43 | 42 | 34 | 43 | 23 | 17 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 25 | 24 | 20 | 15 | - | 6 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 11 | 5 | 5 | 19 | 37 | 63 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 5 | 5 | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 16 | 22 | 15 | 17 | - | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 13 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 5 |
| Shigella sonnei | 14 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 2 |
| Shigella sp | 26 | 12 | 16 | 8 | 21 | 16 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 25 | 26 | 25 | 28 | 18 | 10 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 123 | 123 | 97 | 108 | 124 | 79 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2021/48 | 2021/49 | 2021/50 | 2021/51 | 2021/52 | 2022/01 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| KPC | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| KPC | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | - |
| NDM | 3 | - | 4 | 1 | 4 | - |
| OXA48 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 5 | - | - |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| KPC | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| KPC | 2 | 5 | 2 | - | 1 | 1 |
| NDM | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | - |
| OXA48 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 6 | - |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other | 1 | - | - | - | 4 | - |
| Raoultella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms[footnote 1]
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2021/48 | 2021/49 | 2021/50 | 2021/51 | 2021/52 | 2022/01 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| IMP | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| VIM | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |