Policy paper

Jet Zero investment flightpath (accessible text-only version)

Updated 2 August 2022

This was published under the 2019 to 2022 Johnson Conservative government

UK leading the charge to Jet Zero

바카라 사이트淭he UK is ideally positioned to lead바카라 사이트� the global development and deployment 바카라 사이트媜f low and zero emission technologies to decarbonise the aviation sector. We are working at speed to develop greener aircraft, produce and use more sustainable fuels, 바카라 사이트� and make our airspace and airports 바카라 사이트媘ore efficient.바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�

Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP바카라 사이트� 바카라 사이트� Secretary of State for Transport바카라 사이트�

The UK was the first major economy to set a legally binding听net zero target. In July 2021,听our Transport Decarbonisation Plan听set out our plans to decarbonise the transport sector. In October 2021, the Net Zero Strategy set out our economy-wide plan to achieve Net Zero by 2050.

The government recognises the challenge of decarbonising the aviation sector and the Jet Zero strategy sets out a clear framework for how net zero aviation (Jet Zero) can be achieved 바카라 사이트� securing a more sustainable future for our climate and our aviation industry while boosting UK economic opportunities.听

We are already accelerating the development of ultra-efficient and zero carbon aircraft technologies, and have recently committed to investing a record 拢685 million in aerospace R&D over the next 3 years. The use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) will be key to achieving our targets and we have committed听拢165 million of funding to support the development of UK SAF plants with a commitment to have at least 5 commercial-scale UK SAF plants under construction by 2025 바카라 사이트� all helping to deliver our target of at least 10% SAF blended into the jet fuel mix by 2030.

The UK has one of the world바카라 사이트檚 most attractive바카라 사이트� business environments

• A bespoke바카라 사이트� SAF 尘补苍诲补迟别바카라 사이트� under development바카라 사이트� to promote SAF supply in바카라 사이트� the UK
• A world-leading 바카라 사이트媡arget of at least바카라 사이트� 10% SAF blended in the UK jet听fuel mix by 2030
• Potential바카라 사이트� 拢1.7 billion바카라 사이트� GVA from SAF바카라 사이트� per annum by 2040
• 拢34 billion바카라 사이트� UK aerospace 바카라 사이트媏xports in 2019, estimated 13%바카라 사이트� global market바카라 사이트� share바카라 사이트�
• 2,430바카라 사이트� aerospace听companies바카라 사이트� providing over听254,000 jobs바카라 사이트�
• Handles over바카라 사이트� 2 million바카라 사이트� commercial바카라 사이트� flights바카라 사이트� annually바카라 사이트�
• International 바카라 사이트媗eadership at the International Civil Aviation Organization (바카라 사이트�ICAO) to promote 바카라 사이트媓igh sustainability바카라 사이트� standards and government collaboration. The UK is an influential member of ICAO coordinating global efforts and providing direct support to other states in tackling international aviation emissions바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• First in Europe for most attractive renewable investment opportunities
• Second바카라 사이트� in G20 for바카라 사이트� 바카라 사이트榚ase of doing听business바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• Fourth in the Global Innovation Index
• Stable regulatory market바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• The UK-EU Trade Cooperation Agreement post EU Exit allows zero tariff market access with the EU and further UK Free Trade Agreements enable exports to the rest of the world (currently 70 plus EU) with preferential arrangements바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• Most business-friendly employment laws in Europe바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• Generous R&D and patent tax reliefs바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• Significant commercial advantage from leveraging UK바카라 사이트檚 legal system and language바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• World leader in the research and innovation of new technologies, making the UK an ideal location for sustainable air mobility investment with huge growth potential for UK suppliers of all sizes바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• The UK hosts the Farnborough International Airshow 바카라 사이트� the global platform for aerospace and defence industries 바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• The UK CAA has an Innovation Hub to help innovators maximise regulatory readiness for the demonstration of aviation systems바카라 사이트�

Why invest in UK Jet Zero?바카라 사이트�

Opportunities in an advanced and growing sector:바카라 사이트�

• 拢1 billion+ aerospace R&D joint with industry over next 3 years바카라 사이트�
• At least바카라 사이트� 5 바카라 사이트媍ommercial-scale UK SAF plants under construction by 바카라 사이트�2025바카라 사이트�
• 拢200 million government funding바카라 사이트� to accelerate 바카라 사이트媎evelopment of SAF plants in the UK
• At least바카라 사이트� 10% SAF바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트� blended in UK jet fuel mix by 2030바카라 사이트� through a SAF Mandate 바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• 拢300 million Future Flight 바카라 사이트婥hallenge to support the future aviation system바카라 사이트�
• Aviation Futures: dedicated regulatory think tank바카라 사이트�
• Largest and most liberal aviation network in Europe and third largest globally: pre-COVID, the UK handled over 2 million commercial flights annually, to over 370 direct destinations in over 100 countries
• World-leading aerospace sector: home to large companies such as Airbus, Rolls-Royce, and GKN, and innovative new entrants like ZeroAvia
• Responsive regulator: we maintain close working relationships with the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) to ensure that the sector remains at the forefront of innovation. The CAA also offers various 바카라 사이트榮and boxes바카라 사이트� to develop regulation for new technology
• Leading export credit agency: UK Export Finance (UKEF) recognised as world leading ECA for Sustainable Deals in 2021-22, has provided nearly 拢9 billion of support for aerospace exports and exporters in the last 2 years

Our approach to Jet Zero

We will achieve Jet Zero by having a clear goal and delivering through multiple solutions, with 3 principles which underpin our approach:

• international leadership
• delivery in partnership
• maximising opportunities

Jet Zero will need to be achieved through a combination of measures which include:

• system efficiencies
• SAF
• zero emission flight (ZEF)
• markets and removals
• influencing consumers

The first 3 focus on maximising emissions reductions through different technological and operational approaches and offer rewarding investment opportunities in major growth markets.바카라 사이트�

There are also potential investment opportunities in the development of offsetting and greenhouse gas removal technologies including nature-based measures, but these will be deployed more widely than for aviation alone and therefore are not covered in this flightpath.

Systems efficiencies바카라 사이트�

• We will be maximising and making efficient use of our existing airspace, aircraft and airports바카라 사이트�
• Moving to best-in-class aircraft operations and airspace modernisation could deliver up to 15% of CO虏 savings by 2050바카라 사이트�
• In 2019, UK CO2 emissions per passenger were 22% lower than in 1990 due to efficiency improvements바카라 사이트�

Sustainable aviation fuel바카라 사이트�

• We will increase SAF uptake, with a target of at least 10% SAF blended in the UK jet fuel mix by 2030 through a SAF 尘补苍诲补迟别바카라 사이트�
• We will kick start private investment听into the UK SAF industry through听funding, with听a commitment to have at least 5 UK SAF听plants under construction by 2025
• We will establish world class testing and certifying facilities for SAF, with 拢12 million committed over the next 3 years바카라 사이트�

Zero emission flight바카라 사이트�

• We will grow the UK바카라 사이트檚 market share in aerospace manufacturing as new aircraft emerge바카라 사이트�
• We will put in place the policy and regulatory system to enable zero emission aircraft to enter commercial service바카라 사이트�
• We will ensure parallel development of aircraft with the energy and ground infrastructure required for their operation바카라 사이트�

Our 2035 delivery plan 바카라 사이트�

Key milestones

• At听least 5听commercial听SAF听plants听under听construction 颈苍听迟丑别 UK 产测听2025바카라 사이트�
• Setting an听emission听reduction听trajectory for听aviation听from 2025바카라 사이트�
• At least 10% SAF 颈苍听迟丑别 UK fuel mix by听2030바카라 사이트�
• Zero emission routes听connecting all parts of听the UK by 2030바카라 사이트�
• 10GW annual听hydrogen production听target by 2030바카라 사이트�
• UK domestic aviation听to reach net zero by听2040바카라 사이트�
• All airport operations听in England to be zero听emission by 2040바카라 사이트�

Critical activities and milestones on a path to developing the UK Jet Zero sector

Date	Event
July 2022	Launch Jet Zero strategy, investment flightpath and 拢165 milion 3-year Advanced Fuels Fund at Farnborough International Airshow	听
Sept 2022	41st International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Assembly	听
Late 2022	Launch SAF Clearing House	听
Mid 2023	SAF mandate secondary legislation	听
Late 2023	100% SAF transatlantic flight	听
Early 2024	Carbon Offsetting Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) fully implemented in the UK	听
2025	Start UK SAF mandate Aviation CO2 emissions reduction trajectory set At least 5 UK SAF plants under construction Commercial launch of new small zero-emission aircraft	听
2027	5-year Jet Zero strategy review	听
2030	Zero emission routes connecting the UK At least 10% of UK jet fuel mix to be SAF	听
2032	5-year Jet Zero strategy review	听
2035	Airbus launch first commercial zero emission large hydrogen aircraft	听

바카라 사이트 and industry working together바카라 사이트�

Achieving Jet Zero requires all of the sector to work together to develop, test and implement solutions

	What we are delivering	What we look to industry to deliver
Policy	Jet Zero strategy: our framework for decarbonising aviation to achieve net zero aviation by 2050	Deliver on our Jet Zero vision through the adoption of new technologies
Systems efficiencies	Increasing the carbon efficiency of our aviation system through funding and policy support, working towards all airport operations in England being zero emission by 2040. Supporting ultra-efficient aircraft development through R&D co-investment	Develop and commercialise ultra-efficient aircraft technology in the UK, implement the Airspace Modernisation Programme, and decarbonise airports
Sustainable aviation fuels	Committing to a UK SAF industry and at least 10% SAF by 2030, driven by a SAF mandate, over 拢200 million capital funding, 100% SAF transatlantic flight competition and a commitment to have at least 5 commercial SAF plants under construction by 2025	Drive progress on SAF commercialisation through take up of capital and further investment in the technologies and feedstocks required to build a thriving UK industry
Zero emission flight	Supporting the development of new zero carbon aircraft and infrastructure through the ZEF Delivery Group and R&D co-investment	Develop and commercialise zero carbon aircraft technology in the UK, alongside airport and airfield infrastructure for hydrogen and electric aviation. Grow industry base via infrastructure projects such as the Airbus Zero Emission Development Centre
Markets and removals	Creating successful carbon markets and continuing to invest in the development of GGR technology	Make progress on removal and offset activity through CCUS development and engagement with UK ETS and CORSIA
Influencing Consumers	Supporting consumers to make sustainable aviation travel choices and working with the CAA later this year to launch a call for evidence on environmental information provision	Provide standardised information to consumers so they can make informed decisions on aviation travel options
International	Leading global efforts to tackle aviation emissions, including through the ICAO	Support international collaboration and coalitions as well as UK negotiations and ambitions

Progress highlights

• In 2020, ZeroAvia completed the world바카라 사이트檚 first hydrogen-powered flight of commercial grade aircraft바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• In 2021, Rolls-Royce broke World Electric Air Speed record바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• Airbus announced plans to bring a large commercial zero-emission aircraft into service by 2035 with ground testing planned for 2023 and flight testing starting in 2026바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• British Airways recently began using UK-produced SAF supplied by Philips 66바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• IAG will invest $400 million over the next 20 years to develop SAF and Virgin Atlantic is targeting 10% SAF use across its fleet by 2030바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• Eight UK airports currently hold the Airports Council International Europe Carbon Neutral Accreditation or above 바카라 사이트�바카라 사이트�
• Extended coverage of aviation activities in UK Green Taxonomy due to be consulted on this year by government바카라 사이트�

Jet Zero Council

The Jet Zero Council (JZC) brings together government, industry and academia to drive the ambitious delivery of new technologies with the aim of delivering at least 10% SAF in the UK fuel mix by 2030 and zero-emission transatlantic flight within a generation.

Its objective is to provide ministerial and senior industry leadership on efforts to develop and deliver UK capabilities for achieving net zero aviation, to identify the benefits of developing these new industries in the UK, find solutions to overcome barriers faced by industry and opportunities to drive down production costs.바카라 사이트�

It will support the development and industrialisation of zero emission aviation technologies, the establishment of SAF, and a co-ordinated approach to the policy and regulatory framework needed to deliver net zero aviation by 2050.바카라 사이트�

It has established 2 delivery groups to focus on 2 key priorities: Sustainable Aviation Fuels and Zero-Emission Flight.바카라 사이트�

Complements existing industry partnerships and initiatives:바카라 사이트�

• Sustainable Aviation바카라 사이트�
• Civil Aviation Authority바카라 사이트�
• Aerospace Growth Partnership (AGP)바카라 사이트�
• Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI)
• Airspace Change Organising Group (ACOG)

Systems efficiencies

Quicker, quieter and cleaner journeys

All English airports to be zero emission by 2040, meaning around 60 airports will need to transition. Huge aerospace opportunity, with 39,000 new aircraft to be built over the next 20 years, worth nearly $3 trillion.

What we have done

• As co-sponsors, DfT and the CAA approved ACOG바카라 사이트檚 UK Airspace Change Masterplan Iteration 2, that identifies the most beneficial direction for airspace change to take바카라 사이트�
• We have provided 拢5.5 million of funding to support the Airspace Modernisation Programme and enabled sponsors to complete Stage 2 of the airspace change process바카라 사이트�
• We have supported the aviation workforce to address long term skills shortages and attract the next generation of aviators

What we are doing

• Providing an additional 拢3.7 million of funding to support the Airspace Modernisation Programme and enable sponsors to complete Stage 2 of the airspace change process바카라 사이트�
• Committed 拢685 million (over 拢1 billion with industry match) over the next 3 years to support industrial R&D through the ATI Programme
• Working towards all airport operations in England to be zero emission by 2040

What we have committed to

• Working through ICAO to ensure stringent international standards for aircraft emissions바카라 사이트�
• Ensuring the aviation system has the right policy framework to deliver maximum operational efficiencies

Systems efficiencies case study: Bristol Airport

Bristol Airport has set a target of net zero operations by 2030 and net zero for all emissions by 2050. The airport was accredited as achieving carbon neutral operations at the end of 2021, 5 years ahead of the target that Bristol Airport had set. In recent years, the Airport has reduced its operational emissions by including installing on-site renewables, greater energy efficiency, introducing electric vehicles, and buying 100% renewable energy through the grid.

As part of efforts to achieve net zero operations by 2030, Bristol Airport has formed a sustainability partnership with easyJet to run a series of initiatives, including what is believed to be the world바카라 사이트檚 most extensive ultra-low emissions aircraft turnaround trial. This trial used the latest electric-powered ground equipment and specialist vehicles, replacing traditional diesel-powered units.

Bristol Airport has created an annual 拢250,000 Airport Carbon Transition (ACT) Programme, which makes funding available to any company or organisation that brings forwards an innovative way to cut any source of emissions at Bristol Airport. The inaugural awards include exploring on-site carbon sequestration and tackling emissions from employee travel.

Bristol Airport are part of the Hydrogen South West initiative with others including Bristol Port, EasyJet and Airbus.

Systems efficiencies case study: Ultra-efficient aircraft technology

Through the ATI Programme, HMG are co-investing with industry on next generation aircraft technologies. These will make a significant impact to the 2050 emissions trajectory and lead a UK-wide supply chain.

Rolls-Royce UltraFan

Rolls-Royce has developed UltraFan庐, the world바카라 사이트檚 largest aero-engine technology demonstrator, which provides a suite of technologies that will deliver a 25% efficiency improvement in fuel burn and significantly reduce NOx and noise.

Bringing these UltraFan technologies to market will safeguard high productivity jobs across the UK in Rolls-Royce and its supply chain and create export opportunities.

Airbus UK Wing of Tomorrow

Airbus is developing its Wing of Tomorrow in the UK 바카라 사이트� one of the largest R&T programmes in the Airbus Group 바카라 사이트� to provide next generation composite wings for future aircraft.

The Programme is developing more than 100 new technologies with a strong emphasis on industrial systems.

Sustainable aviation fuels

Establishing a market

We will have at least 5 commercial SAF plants under construction in the UK by 2025.

Sustainable Aviation research suggests that a UK SAF industry could potentially support up to 5,200 UK jobs from the production of SAF, and a Gross Value Added (GVA) of up to 拢2.7 billion from UK production and global exports by 2035 and we expect this to be even greater over the coming decades.

What we have done

• Confirmed a SAF mandate will be introduced in 2025, outside the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation, to decrease the greenhouse gas intensity of the jet fuel supplied to the UK through SAF
• Funded 8 projects from the 拢15 million Green Fuels, Green Skies grant funding competition, to support SAF plants in the UK
• Confirmed our target to see at least 10% SAF blended in the UK jet fuel mix by 2030

What we are doing

• Second SAF mandate consultation due later this year to confirm specific targets, timescales and scheme design바카라 사이트�
• Committed 拢165 million funding through the Advanced Fuels Fund to accelerate the commercialisation of SAF plants from 2022 to 2025
• Recently launched competition to achieve the first ever transatlantic flight on commercial aircraft using 100% SAF by the end of 2023
• Working across government to ensure prospective UK plants can access sufficient sustainable feedstocks

What we have committed to

• We are committed to building a strong UK SAF industry and are gathering key evidence to determine the further measures industry or government might take to achieve this. We want to reach a position on how to further stimulate investment in a UK SAF industry by the end of the year
• Establishing a SAF clearing house, the first of its kind in Europe, to enable the UK to test and certify new fuels
• Working in partnership with industry and investors, including through the JZC SAF DG, to accelerate UK SAF and enhance fuel security

SAF case study: green fuels, green skies competition

Fulcrum, Ellesmere Port

Awarded 拢1,372,957 for their project based at the Stanlow Manufacturing Complex which will convert residual waste into approx. 100 million litres of SAF. The gasification technology has recently been demonstrated at their Sierra Biofuels Plant, producing high-quality syngas. 바카라 사이트�

Advanced Biofuel Solutions Ltd, Cheshire

Awarded 拢2,054,000 to work with a British refinery and a British engineering company to build a facility that converts waste into a biocrude that can be upgraded to aviation fuel.

Lanzatech UK Ltd, Port Talbot

Awarded 拢3,152,619 for their proposed facility which will produce more than 100 million litres of SAF annually, using ethanol from agricultural wastes and industry flue gases.

Lanzatech and Carbon Engineering, Location TBC

Awarded 拢340,674 for their proposed 100 million litre per year facility which aims to integrate direct air capture with gas fermentation and then alcohol-to-jet technology to produce SAF.

Alfanar Energy Ltd, Tees Valley

Awarded 拢2,417,500 for their project, located in Tees Valley, which will convert household and commercial waste into approx. 180 million litres of SAF and naphtha.바카라 사이트�

Nova Pangaea Technologies (UK), Location TBC

Awarded 拢484,201 for this project which aims to build a 100 million litres a year facility that produces SAF from UK-sourced woody residues.

Velocys, Immingham

Awarded 拢2,381,000 for their facility which will convert black bag waste into SAF.

Green Fuels Research Ltd, Location TBC

Awarded 拢1,940,255 for their project, which includes support from Petrofac and Cranfield University, aiming to demonstrate and certify a SAF pathway utilising sewage sludge.

Zero emission flight

Taking the lead on zero carbon solutions

FlyZero project estimated that zero-emission aircraft could make up to 50% of the global fleet by 2050 and 29,200 aircraft deliveries could be worth between $1.9 and $2.1 trillion.

What we have done

• 拢15 million Fly Zero project explored the design of zero emission commercial aircraft and the potential for liquid hydrogen fuel
• Completed the Zero Emission Flight Infrastructure (ZEFI) project, with 15 R&D projects receiving government funding to support the development of the infrastructure required to aid electric and hydrogen aircraft

What we are doing

• Committed 拢685 million (over 拢1 billion with industry match) over the next 3 years to support industrial R&D through the ATI Programme
• Established a Zero Emission Flight Delivery Group which will provide advice on how government and industry can work together and put the UK in a leading position in the race to achieve zero emission flight

What we have committed to

• Through the Jet Zero Council targeting zero emission transatlantic flight within a generation
• Working with industry to grow UK바카라 사이트檚 share of global aerospace market and implement regulations to allow zero emission aircraft to enter commercial service
• An ambition for zero emission routes connecting all parts of the UK by 2030

Zero Emission Flight Case Study: Zero carbon emission aircraft technology

Airbus has launched a Zero Emission Development Centre (ZEDC) for hydrogen technologies based in Bristol. This includes the development of a cost-competitive cryogenic fuel system required for the successful entry-into-service of Airbus바카라 사이트� ZEROe passenger aircraft by 2035 and to accelerate UK skills and know-how on hydrogen technologies.

The ATI-led FlyZero project, funded by government, brought experts from across the UK to explore the potential for zero-carbon emission aircraft. It explored both commercial and technical feasibility and found that green liquid hydrogen offers the greatest potential for powering future generations of zero emission aircraft, including those capable of flying transatlantic.

ZeroAvia achieved the world바카라 사이트檚 first바카라 사이트� hydrogen fuel-cell powered flight of a바카라 사이트� commercial grade aircraft. The flight also바카라 사이트� showcased a full zero emission바카라 사이트� ecosystem, with onsite hydrogen바카라 사이트� production via electrolysis. ZeroAvia바카라 사이트� secured further funding to scale up and바카라 사이트� demonstrate their powertrain on a바카라 사이트� 19-seater aircraft, shortly to be demonstrated in flight testing 바카라 사이트媋t Cotswold Airport.

Strengthening supply chains

Supporting supplier development and export capability

UK Aerospace exports, worth 拢34 billion, represent an estimated 13% of global market share, Domestic production of SAF could support up to 5,200 UK jobs by 2035.

What we have done

• UK Export Finance enhanced its support to attract investment into development of Jet Zero supply chains and export capability
• Launched the Jet Zero Council SAF and ZEF Delivery Groups to support developing industries바카라 사이트�
• Supply Chains for the 21st Century (SC21) and the Sharing in Growth (SIG) programme have effectively helped UK supply chain companies stay competitive

What we are doing

• Working through the Aerospace Growth Partnership to deliver on the Net Zero Transition Plan
• The Made Smarter programme helps aerospace manufacturers use technology to becomes faster, more responsive and efficient suppliers
• Help to Grow offers support to SMEs on improving management and better utilising digital technologies

What we have committed to

• Facilitating new opportunities overseas for the UK바카라 사이트檚 net zero supply chains
• Supporting new, industry-led supplier development programme working with up to 100 suppliers per annum over the next 3 years
• Deploying a targeted UK offer utilising the full suite of government finance and support to secure export opportunities