Qualitative evidence on barriers to and facilitators of women바카라 사이트™s participation in higher or growing productivity and male-dominated labour market sectors in low- and middle-income countries
This review is based on 18 studies exploring women바카라 사이트™s participation in commercial agriculture, trade and mining
Abstract
This review is based on 18 studies exploring the barriers to and facilitors of women바카라 사이트™s participation in commercial agriculture, trade and mining. Most of the studies focused on women who were very disadvantaged and struggling to meet a subsistence level. The studies were conducted in a wide range of countries, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa.
The review found gender norms established by religious beliefs, tribal governance structures, and the history of communities create significant barriers to women바카라 사이트™s economic empowerment and labour force participation in low- and middle-income countries, especially in higher productivity, male-dominated sectors. Lack of social networks, infrastructure, technology, education and training; laws and gender norms that restrict women바카라 사이트™s access to resources; and gender discrimination can hold women back. Conversely, infrastructure, technology, cooperatives and social networks, training opportunities, rescinding restrictive laws, and prohibiting discrimination are recognised as conducive to women바카라 사이트™s economic empowerment. Global macroeconomic forces and external events like war, conflict and environmental crises can operate as both barriers and facilitators 바카라 사이트“ in some cases hurting women바카라 사이트™s economic empowerment, but in others opening opportunities for women.
There is a protocol for this systematic review
A related systematic review was published in 2018 entitled Women in wage labour: A systematic review of the effectiveness and design features of interventions supporting women바카라 사이트™s participation in wage labour in higher-growth and/or male-dominated sectors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
Citation
Peters HE, Irvin-Erickson Y, Adelstein S, Malik A, Derrick-Mills T, Valido A, Esplage D (2019) Qualitative evidence on barriers to and facilitators of women바카라 사이트™s participation in higher or growing productivity and male-dominated labour market sectors in low- and middle-income countries. London: EPPI Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London
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