Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 22 (week ending 2 June 2025)

Updated 9 June 2025

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The list of causative agents that laboratories must notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) about has been expanded to include additional  notifiable organisms which became reportable under the  from 6 April 2025. Publication of the additional causative agents will begin at a later date, once reporting development work has been undertaken to include them.

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory Notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2025/17 2025/18 2025/19 2025/20 2025/21 2025/22
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus 1 - - - - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 18 21 28 28 29 22
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 4 13 7 5 3 8
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 17 12 16 34 21 18
Borrelia sp 4 2 4 1 3 5
Brucella            
Brucella sp 4 1 - 1 - 2
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 19 30 31 36 38 48
Campylobacter fetus - 1 1 2 1 -
Campylobacter hyointestinalis - - 1 - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 244 342 273 369 389 267
Campylobacter lari - - - - 1 1
Campylobacter other named 1 - 3 - 3 2
Campylobacter rectus - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter sp 880 1,117 886 1,205 1,261 1,176
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - - 3 1 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - 1 1 1 1 -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus - 1 2 - 3 -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 46 35 41 37 37 29
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 87 72 61 53 49 33
Human coronavirus 229e 3 1 - 1 2 2
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 26 20 14 12 28 26
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,231 1,221 958 1,124 1,041 1,191
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 65 48 63 51 36 30
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 32 21 15 11 18 41
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 86 117 77 71 62 104
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 4 8 8 - - -
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 20 44 13 22 19 4
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 3 2 3 4 3 7
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 1 1 - - -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - 1 - 2 - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 3 13 9 14 10 4
Cryptosporidium parvum 65 98 68 78 27 14
Cryptosporidium sp 45 80 40 61 37 38
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - - 1 - - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 4 3 6 7 6 4
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 11 12 6 10 8 4
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 2 11 6 2 6 6
Giardia            
Giardia sp 93 119 78 148 103 79
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 65 78 64 74 56 61
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 19 13 17 17 15 17
Hepatitis B 309 280 261 300 322 233
Hepatitis C 267 292 214 326 288 248
Hepatitis D 3 7 6 3 8 4
Hepatitis E 36 36 39 44 33 38
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 650 497 352 313 271 237
Influenza B 308 191 104 71 58 60
Influenza indeterminate 8 - - 4 3 1
Influenza ungrouped 28 17 5 10 13 11
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - - 1 - -
Legionella pneumophila 7 2 5 9 9 9
Legionella sp 5 1 2 6 3 5
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 2 4 3 6 10 8
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 91 104 76 91 94 85
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 23 29 24 26 34 22
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus positive 5 13 8 7 1 7
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 20 12 28 27 23 26
Mumps virus 3 3 9 8 5 3
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - - - 11 - -
Plasmodium malariae - - - 1 - -
Plasmodium ovale - - - 1 - -
Plasmodium vivax - - - 1 - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 46 46 42 51 63 49
Polyomavirus JC 8 6 10 13 15 10
Polyomavirus untyped 8 26 9 15 20 7
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii 1 - - - 1 -
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - - 1 -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - 1 - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus - 5 3 1 3 2
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 67 67 54 63 42 18
Salmonella agona 7 - - - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 47 65 46 53 23 12
Salmonella infantis 5 - - - - -
Salmonella java - 5 - 7 - -
Salmonella newport - 8 - - - -
Salmonella saint-paul 5 7 - 8 - -
Salmonella sp 17 39 38 35 106 132
Salmonella stanley - 8 - - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 14 27 16 19 23 18
Salmonella typhimurium 23 20 31 27 21 14
Slmonella enterica - 6 - 7 - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 3 - 2 1 -
Shigella dysenteriae 1 3 - - - -
Shigella flexneri 15 19 21 19 12 10
Shigella sonnei 14 22 17 10 15 11
Shigella sp 45 80 60 80 59 64
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 49 60 53 68 58 53
Streptococcus pneumoniae 163 128 95 128 117 138
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 1 2 2 1 -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2025/17 2025/18 2025/19 2025/20 2025/21 2025/22
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - - 1 - - 1
  NDM 1 - 2 2 1 -
  OXA48 2 2 1 5 2 1
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 1 1 3 2 2 -
  KPC 5 5 5 3 4 2
  NDM 3 4 8 8 7 2
  OXA48 4 5 4 5 2 -
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other 1 2 1 - 1 -
Other enterobacter spp NDM - 1 - - 1 -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - - - - 2 -
  KPC - 1 5 2 2 -
  NDM 20 22 23 20 16 5
  OXA48 19 23 17 27 16 -
  VIM - - 1 2 - -
  Other 1 1 - 5 2 -
Hafnia              
Hafnia alvei KPC - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC - 2 - - - -
  NDM - 1 - - 1 -
  OXA48 1 - 2 - 3 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 1 1 1 - 1 -
  KPC 6 4 3 4 7 -
  NDM 13 14 12 9 5 3
  OXA48 10 14 19 15 7 1
  VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other 2 4 1 5 1 1
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - - 1 - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata IMP - - - - 1 -
  KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 2 1 2 4 3 -
  Other 1 2 1 2 1 -
Other proteus spp NDM - 2 - - - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella spp KPC 1 - - - - -
  VIM 1 - - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to.

Week notification received 2025/17 2025/18 2025/19 2025/20 2025/21 2025/22
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii IMP - - - - 1 -
  NDM 1 - - 1 1 -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM - - - 1 2 -
  VIM - - 1 1 - -
  Other 1 1 1 1 1 -
Pseudomonas putida group VIM - 1 - - - -
Other pseudomonas spp NDM - - - - 1 -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Other              
  OXA48 - - 1 2 - -
  Other - - - - 1 -
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