Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 5 (week ending 4 February 2024)

Updated 30 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

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Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox (monkeypox) virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2023/52 2024/01 2024/02 2024/03 2024/04 2024/05
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 6 16 10 23 21 18
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 13 26 37 58 67 75
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 7 9 15 8 13 21
Borrelia sp 2 - 3 7 4 4
Brucella            
Brucella sp - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 15 15 27 24 13 11
Campylobacter fetus - - 1 1 - -
Campylobacter jejuni 142 155 175 266 200 180
Campylobacter other named 1 3 - 1 - -
Campylobacter sp 436 658 592 927 766 755
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - 4 - - 3
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 2 - - 2 - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus - - - - - 2
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 28 40 12 38 28 40
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 47 72 65 106 197 233
Human coronavirus 229e - 8 - 5 2 3
Human coronavirus hku1 - - 3 1 3 5
SARS coronavirus - - 1 - - 1
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 191 170 111 189 239 175
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 2 - - - 2 -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 8,127 7,620 4,746 6,672 5,630 4,570
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 83 140 79 97 119 87
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 20 25 23 30 24 20
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 84 107 105 189 148 180
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 30 43 27 32 22 32
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 113 130 82 133 125 103
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae - 2 2 3 1 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 1 1 - - 1
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis - 7 4 3 1 -
Cryptosporidium parvum 6 5 8 4 5 5
Cryptosporidium sp 41 67 51 96 54 68
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 - 1 4 2 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 6 7 4 5 4 1
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 2 5 6 2 7 6
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 50 76 54 98 67 80
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 9 19 12 14 19 27
Hepatitis B 198 256 257 397 373 308
Hepatitis C 132 172 208 299 252 217
Hepatitis D 3 7 7 7 4 9
Hepatitis E 17 20 29 47 19 34
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 3,255 3,840 2,391 5,615 5,921 5,307
Influenza B 120 151 115 1296 365 299
Influenza indeterminate - 1 3 3 14 6
Influenza ungrouped 116 124 66 84 122 126
Legionella            
Legionella other named - - - 1 - -
Legionella pneumophila 3 1 1 3 11 3
Legionella sp - 2 - 1 - 2
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - - - 1 1 -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 3 5 - - 3 2
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 51 67 74 91 72 70
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 16 31 48 42 34 31
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus - 1 1 4 - 2
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 29 44 69 51 45 51
Mumps virus 6 8 8 7 15 6
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 1 - 6 1 1 -
Plasmodium ovale - - - - - 1
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 49 34 49 80 45 62
Polyomavirus JC 4 10 7 7 7 8
Polyomavirus untyped 8 12 14 22 20 14
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia spotted fever - - 1 - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus - - - 3 3 7
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 31 34 55 56 27 17
Salmonella agona - 8 - - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 14 20 16 24 6 8
Salmonella sp - 7 9 31 63 91
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 12 17 16 20 14 11
Salmonella typhimurium 12 23 27 33 21 11
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 1 2 3 - -
Shigella dysenteriae - - 1 - - 1
Shigella flexneri 8 17 19 15 6 12
Shigella sonnei 21 21 10 34 23 15
Shigella sp 19 30 33 60 50 63
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 69 90 73 89 85 67
Streptococcus pneumoniae 191 251 135 139 115 168
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - 3 - - - -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2023/52 2024/01 2024/02 2024/03 2024/04 2024/05
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - - - 1 - 1
  KPC 2 1 - 1 1 -
  NDM - - 1 1 3 -
  OXA48 4 1 2 3 5 2
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other - - - - 1 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 1 3 1 1 - -
  KPC 3 3 - 5 4 -
  NDM 5 3 5 1 8 2
  OXA48 5 3 5 4 5 -
  Other - 1 1 1 1 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - - - - 1 -
  NDM 1 1 1 - - -
  OXA48 1 1 1 - - -
  VIM - 1 1 - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli KPC 7 5 3 3 - 1
  NDM 15 17 14 16 12 5
  OXA48 14 15 16 18 16 5
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other 1 - 1 1 1 1
Escherichia hermannii KPC - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 4 6 4 4 1 1
  NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 1 1 - 2 1
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - - 1 - - 1
  KPC 7 4 5 5 9 1
  NDM 5 7 2 8 11 1
  OXA48 12 16 8 8 10 1
  VIM 2 - 4 2 1 -
  Other 2 1 1 1 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - 1 - 1 -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Other klebsiella spp NDM - - 1 - - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - 1 - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - - - - 1 -
  VIM 1 - - - - -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Pantoea              
Pantoea septica NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - 1 - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  Other - 2 - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - - 2 1 -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Other serratia spp OXA48 - - - 1 - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2023/52 2024/01 2024/02 2024/03 2024/04 2024/05
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 1 - 1 1 - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM - - 1 2 - -
  VIM 1 - - 1 - 1
  Other 1 1 1 2 5 3
Pseudomonas nitroreducens Other 1 - - - - -
Other              
  NDM - 1 1 - 1 -
  OXA48 - - 1 1 2 -
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